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Foreign involvement in the Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War had large numbers of non-Spanish citizens participating in combat and advisory positions. The governments of Germany, Italy—and to a lesser extent Portugal—contributed money, munitions, manpower and support to Nationalist forces led by Francisco Franco. The government of the Soviet Union, and to a lesser extent France and Mexico, likewise aided the "Loyalist" or "Republicans" of the Second Spanish Republic. The aid came even after all the European powers had signed a Non-Intervention Agreement in 1936. While individual sympathy for the plight of the Spanish Republic was widespread in the liberal democracies, pacifism and the fear of another world war prevented them from selling or giving arms. The Nationalist pleas meanwhile were answered within days by Hitler and Mussolini.〔Stanley C. Payne, ''The Spanish Revolution'' (1970) pp 262–76〕
==International non-intervention==
(詳細はproxy war, and escalation of the war into a major pan-European conflict.〔Stone (1997). p. 134.〕
On 3 August 1936, Charles de Chambrun presented the French government's non-intervention plan; Galeazzo Ciano promised to study it. The British, however, accepted the plan in principle immediately.〔Thomas (1961). p. 257.〕 The following day, it was put to Nazi Germany by André François-Poncet. The German position was that such a declaration was not needed.〔 A similar approach was made to Russia.〔 On 6 August, Ciano confirmed Italian support in principle. The Soviet government similarly agreed in principle, so long as Portugal was included, and that Germany and Italy stop aid immediately.〔Thomas (1961). pp. 257–258.〕 On 7 August, France unilaterally declared non-intervention.〔Alpert (1998). p. 45.〕 Draft declarations had been put to German and Italian governments. Such a declaration had already been accepted by the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Russia, renouncing all traffic in war material, direct or indirect.〔Thomas (1961). p. 258.〕 The Portuguese Foreign Minister, Armindo Monteiro,〔See also: :pt:Armindo Rodrigues de Sttau Monteiro 〕 was also asked to accept, but held his hand. On 9 August, French exports were suspended.〔〔Alpert (1998). pp. 45–46.〕 Portugal accepted the pact on 13 August, unless her border was threatened by the war.〔Thomas (1961). p. 259.〕
On 15 August, the United Kingdom banned exports of war materiel to Spain.〔 Italy agreed to the pact,〔 signing on 21 August.〔 Although a surprising reversal of views, it has been put down to the growing belief that countries could not abide by the agreement anyway.〔 On the 24th, Germany signed.〔Thomas (1961). p. 261.〕〔Alpert (1998). p. 44.〕 The Soviet Union was keen not to be left out. On 23 August, it agreed to the Non-Intervention Agreement,〔Alpert (1998). p. 51.〕 and this was followed by a decree from Joseph Stalin banning exports of war material to Spain, thereby bringing the USSR into line with the Western Powers.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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